Eczema, also known as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), is a common skin condition that affects many babies. It is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin that can cause significant discomfort. The outermost layer of newborn’s skin is about 30 % thinner compared to adult skin [1]. The thin and permeable nature of their skin makes them more vulnerable to rapid loss of moisture. Understanding how to manage and care for your baby's skin if they have eczema or are at high-risk of developing the same is crucial.
Causes of Eczema in Babies
Eczema occurs in genetically predisposed children with impaired epidermal barrier function and immune dysregulation [2]. Changes in weather, such as cold, dry air during winter, can strip away the skin’s natural moisture, leading to dryness and irritation. Over-bathing or using hot water can also further dry out the skin making it prone to AD. Additionally, dust mites, pet dander, certain fabrics, or harsh soaps and detergents can irritate the skin and trigger flare-ups. A baby is more likely to develop eczema if there is a family history of the condition.
How to Take Care of a Baby's Skin with Eczema
Caring for a baby with eczema involves a preventive approach to avoid triggers and maintain healthy skin. Here are some key steps:
1. Bathing Routine: According to IAP guidelines, regular once-daily bathing with warm (27–30°C) water of short duration (5–10 minutes) is sufficient [3]. Avoid hot water, as it can dry out the skin. After bathing, pat the baby’s skin dry gently with a soft towel rather than rubbing.
2. Cleansing: Use a mild, soapless, pH-balanced liquid cleanser designed specifically for sensitive skin conditions like eczema. The cleanser should be free from harsh chemicals, fragrances, parabens, and phthalates to avoid further irritation. Opt for products containing soothing ingredients like colloidal oatmeal, which is known for its skin-protective properties and provitamin B5 that helps keep skin smooth, soft, and healthy.
3. Moisturizing: Prompt, frequent and liberal use of preservative-free, hypoallergenic moisturizer containing ingredients like colloidal oatmeal, ceramides, and natural lipids is recommended. Moisturizing within 3 to 5 minutes post-bath helps lock in moisture and protect the skin barrier. Reapply moisturizer regularly every 4-6 hours or more frequently if the skin feels dry.
4. Choosing Clothes and Fabrics: Dress the baby in soft, breathable fabrics such as cotton. Avoid wool or synthetic materials that can irritate the skin. Wash all new clothes before wearing them using a mild, fragrance-free detergent.
Management of Eczema in Babies
Effective management of eczema involves a combination of skincare practices and lifestyle modifications:
• Maintaining a Regular Skincare Routine: Consistent skincare, including gentle cleansing and frequent moisturizing, is essential for managing eczema. Colloidal oatmeal-based moisturizers have been shown to help soothe and nourish the skin and is also clinically proven to provide baby's sensitive skin with relief from dryness, itching and discomfort.
• Avoiding Triggers: Identify and avoid potential triggers, such as certain foods, dust, pollen, pet dander, and harsh soaps. Keep the baby's environment clean and free from allergens.
• Maintaining Humidity Levels: During winter, using a humidifier can help maintain adequate moisture levels in the air to prevent the baby's skin from becoming too dry.
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Protecting the Skin from Scratching: Trim the baby's nails regularly to prevent them from scratching the affected areas, which can lead to further irritation or infection. Consider using soft mittens to prevent scratching at night.
Using oat-based moisturizers: Use emollients containing ceramides, lipids, and natural colloidal oatmeal, as recommended by pediatricians and dermatologists. These ingredients help restore and protect the skin barrier, reduce water loss, and relieve itching. A recent study details the reduction in incidence and severity of AD, if specialized Oat based emollients are used from birth.
A 1% colloidal oatmeal cream is clinically effective for the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis to strengthen the skin’s moisture barrier, soothe irritated skin, and help support skin’s microbiome balance. There is significant scientific evidence which highlights the moisturizing properties of colloidal oatmeal, it being the only over-the-counter skin protectant ingredient approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of eczema.
Medical Consultation: Always consult a pediatrician or dermatologist if your baby’s eczema is persistent, or if there are signs of infection (e.g., oozing, crusting, or increased redness). They can provide personalized advice and may recommend stronger medications or alternative therapies.
Eczema is a challenging condition that can affect the quality of life of both the baby and parents. By understanding the causes, taking proactive steps to manage the condition, and following a proper treatment plan, parents can effectively care for their baby's sensitive skin. Always consult healthcare professionals for guidance tailored to your baby's specific needs.
(Dr. Priti Thakor, Head of Medical Safety Sciences – India, Restorative and Digestive Health - APAC, Kenvue)
